Introduction

Gender-based violence is one of the most frequent violations of fundamental rights in the world. It knows no borders, be it economic, social, or geographical. Women, girls, and children are most at risk. Worldwide, it is estimated that one in three women will be a victim of physical or sexual violence during her lifetime. Although gender-based violence jeopardises the health, dignity, safety, and autonomy of its victims, it remains surrounded by a culture of silence. Each and every one of us must be aware of this violence in order to improve the development of the family and society in general.

Rape

Vaginal, anal, or oral penetration without consent (even if superficial), using the penis or another part of the body. Also applies to the insertion of an object into the vagina or anus.

Sexual Assault

Any form of non-consensual sexual contact that does not result in, or is not based on, an act of penetration. Examples include attempted rape and unwanted kissing, fondling, or touching of the genitals or buttocks.

Physical Assault

Physical violence that is not sexual by nature. Examples include beating, slapping, strangulation, cutting, pushing, burning, shooting, or use of weapons of any kind, acid attacks, or any other act causing pain, discomfort, or injury.

Forced Marriage

The marriage of a person against their will, without their consent.

Denial of Resources, Opportunities or Services

Denial of legitimate access to economic resources/assets or livelihood opportunities, and to educational, health, or other social services. Denial of resources, opportunities, and services occurs, for example, when a widow is prevented from receiving a family member, when a woman is denied the use of contraception, when a girl is prevented from attending school, etc. Cases of general poverty should not be recorded.

Psychological/Emotional Violence

Infliction of mental or emotional pain or injury. Examples include threats of physical or sexual violence, intimidation, humiliation, forced isolation, stalking, verbal harassment, unwanted attention, sexual and/or threatening remarks, gestures or writings, destruction of valuable property, etc.

Conclusion

In societal situations, it is important to take into account and aim to meet the specific needs of adolescent girls, which are often different from those of adult women in their community. Girls’ adolescence is often a period of social and public withdrawal even in times of peace, and in many contexts, adolescent girls may be withdrawn from school to manage more family and domestic tasks. Adolescent girls are at high risk of early and forced marriage in addition to other types of violence. Parents can help adolescent girls establish or maintain important social ties, continue their education, and develop literacy and other life skills to best contribute to societal development and harmony.

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