Introduction

Faced with the alarming rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers, physical activity has become a major public health issue in Africa, and particularly in Cameroon. In a country where the burden of NCDs continues to grow, regular exercise emerges as an effective means of prevention, notably against breast cancer, a pathology increasingly common among Cameroonian women. Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement that results in energy expenditure. It includes walking, household chores, active leisure, cycling, traditional games, and more.

Causes

In Cameroon, the sharp increase in non-communicable diseases is largely explained by the ongoing epidemiological and social transition. Rapid urbanization, growing sedentary lifestyles, and the adoption of modern ways of living have profoundly altered the habits of the population. In urban areas, several studies reveal that a significant proportion of adults do not engage in sufficient physical activity. This inactivity constitutes a major risk factor in the development of conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers.

Benefits

Regular physical activity offers numerous health benefits. It improves cardiovascular system function, helps maintain a balanced body weight, and significantly reduces the risk of diabetes and hypertension. From an oncology perspective, numerous scientific studies show that physical activity lowers the risk of certain cancers, particularly breast cancer. According to the World Cancer Research Fund, exercise influences hormonal, metabolic, and immune mechanisms, thereby contributing to a reduced incidence of this disease.

Consequences

Insufficient physical activity has significant repercussions on population health. It promotes an increase in chronic diseases, burdens healthcare systems, and deteriorates individuals’ quality of life. Despite available scientific evidence, several obstacles still hinder physical activity in Cameroon: lack of accessible sports infrastructure, insecurity in certain urban areas, sociocultural constraints limiting women’s participation, and insufficient awareness of the benefits of exercise.

Prevention

Preventing non-communicable diseases must necessarily involve promoting physical activity at all levels. Physical activity should no longer be seen merely as an individual choice but as a fundamental pillar of prevention. Citizens, health professionals, sports actors, policymakers, and communities all have a key role to play in encouraging more active lifestyles to improve population health.

Conclusion

In short, physical activity is a true public health lever in Cameroon. Its benefits, both in preventing non-communicable diseases and improving quality of life, are now indisputable. To reverse the trend of sedentary behaviour and limit the progression of chronic diseases, it is essential to create an environment conducive to sports, raise population awareness, and promote active habits from an early age. The health of each individual and the future of the healthcare system depend on the collective ability to integrate sports and physical activity into daily life. The engagement of all—from citizens to public authorities—is therefore essential to make sport and prevention a truly winning duo.