Introduction
The Internet is booming in Kenya. Progressive technology is dictating the future, especially for the young generation. Social media is taking center stage in life, both in urban and rural areas. As a result, the effects of social media can be deduced both positively and negatively. In this article, we are going to analyze this situation.
Notable Social Networking Services
The most notable social networking services with major followings in Kenya are Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), TikTok, Instagram, WhatsApp, YouTube, Snapchat, LinkedIn among others.
Positive Effects of Social Media
Social media has the following benefits among the young and even the old generation in Kenya. Firstly, social media networking helps to build social relationships. Family relatives are able to connect easily when at a distance. Classmates who have not seen each other for a long time are able to connect via social media. Work colleagues are easier to connect with. Secondly, social media networks create awareness of social issues affecting society. Issues such as child abuse, drug abuse among the teens and youths, teenage pregnancy, peer pressure, among others, are best created awareness via social media. The power of social media among Kenyan youths can be seen in the Reject Finance Bill 2024, when thousands of youths said no to the controversial finance bill. Thirdly, social media is supporting the nurturing of talents. Social media networks such as TikTok and YouTube are exemplary of nurturing talents among the young generation. Fourthly, social media networks are boosting online businesses, thus creating a source of self-employment among the young generation. Sites such as Viusasa, Jijipay, Kilimall, Alibaba, among many, can be of this example. Lastly, social media networking is enabling many young people to pursue higher education with ease.
Negative Effects of Social Media
Young people are vulnerable because their identities are still forming, and too much use of social media has been linked to mental health challenges like anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and insecurity. The unrealistic lifestyle and curated content on beauty and success can distort self-image and make a young person conform to unrealistic ideals. Filters and unrealistic beauty may lead to body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. Seeing others highlight their achievements can lead to dissatisfaction with one’s life.
Cyberbullying and online harassment seriously affect the emotional well-being of a young person and increase stress, trauma, and suicidal thoughts. Content scrolling reduces focus, leading to addiction and skipping of responsibilities like house chores and homework. It also interferes with sleep patterns, leading to poor concentration, thus reducing productivity. Social media increases social isolation, for it encourages shallow relationships, as face-to-face social skills are affected. People appear connected, but they are disconnected. Misinformation and fake news spread easily on social media, and this normalizes risky behaviour like drug abuse and self-harm. Young people also get exposed to sexual, violent, and age-inappropriate content. Social media also affects future opportunities, for it leaves permanent digital footprints. Data misuse, loss of privacy, online scams, and identity theft are also negative effects of social media.
Balancing the Impact
Social media has created a plexus of connections for young people, but it also quietly disconnects them from themselves. The government should come up with proper policies and introduce digital literacy content to be mainstreamed in the school system to help young people question what they use and choose educational, positive and uplifting content. In order to make social media a useful tool young people must be encouraged to set boundaries by limiting screen times, taking digital breaks and practicing mindfulness. Young people should invest in real world relationships, sports, hobbies and volunteer in faith based and community activities. Parents, religious and community institutions need to offer proper support, guidance and follow-up on how young people use and respond to social media trends. Young people should also seek help if social media affects their mental health by talking to trusted adults and professionals.
Conclusion
Social media has shaped many lives in Kenya by opening many doors of opportunity and connection, but unchecked use has exposed young people to mental and socio-emotional risks. The real danger is not being online but living for online approval. For social media to be useful there is need for formulation of a practical digital policy followed by the implementation of digital literacy programs where young people can learn boundaries for online safety.
