Introduction
The 31st of August marks the Day of African Medicine, a day which was dedicated to celebrating and reflecting on the rich heritage of traditional medicine across the continent. In Mozambique, this day serves as a reminder of the deep connection between traditional medicine and the lives of its communities. Despite centuries of colonial oppression and marginalization, traditional medicine remains an integral part of Mozambique’s healthcare system, coexisting and often complementing modern medical practices. In this article, we take another look at the celebrations that took place a few days ago.
The Historical Suppression of Traditional Medicine
Mozambique’s epidemiological profile is dominated by transmissible and parasitic diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. These diseases pose significant health challenges, particularly in rural areas where access to modern healthcare is limited. Traditional medicine, deeply rooted in the cultural and spiritual practices of Mozambican communities, offers an alternative and often the first line of defense for many in these regions.
Historically, traditional medicine in Mozambique faced significant challenges, particularly during the colonial period. Colonial authorities regarded it as a superficial, superstitious practice of a folkloric nature, associating it with witchcraft and divination. This led to the suppression of traditional medicine, as seen in the Ultramarine Administrative Reform, which specifically targeted practices perceived to cause harm to others. Ironically, while traditional medicine was being suppressed, colonialists themselves frequently sought the help of local traditional healers to address their health issues and resolve spiritual problems, such as unexplained illnesses or business failures.
The Resurgence and Recognition of Traditional Medicine
The tide began to turn in the 1970s when traditional medicine started gaining recognition within Mozambique’s health policies and strategies. In 1977, the government established the Gabinete de Estudos de Medicina Tradicional (Bureau of Traditional Medicine Studies), a significant step toward the integration of traditional medicine into the formal healthcare system. This bureau was tasked with studying the various plants and remedies used in traditional medicine to understand their potential in treating diseases.
The creation of the Associação dos Médicos Tradicionais de Moçambique (Traditional Doctors Association of Mozambique, AMETRAMO) in 1990, with the support of the Ministry of Health, further solidified the role of traditional medicine in the country. AMETRAMO plays a crucial role in ensuring the proper use and regulation of traditional medicine, which is highly valued by the Mozambican government.
The Role of Traditional Medicine in Modern Healthcare
In the broader African context, the relationship between traditional and modern medicine is complex and multifaceted. While modern medicine is often seen as the primary means of addressing public health issues, traditional medicine remains a critical component of healthcare for many African communities, including those in Mozambique. The coexistence of these two systems reflects the reality of healthcare in Africa, where traditional practices provide not only medical treatment but also spiritual and emotional support.
Conclusion
The Day of African Medicine underscores the importance of acknowledging and respecting the role of traditional medicine in the modern medical landscape. In Mozambique, this day is an opportunity to celebrate the resilience of traditional medicine and its practitioners, who continue to play a vital role in the health and well-being of the nation. As Mozambique navigates the challenges of the 21st century, the integration of traditional and modern medicine offers a holistic approach to healthcare that honors the past while embracing the future.
