Introduction

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive degenerative brain disease that is caused by repeated head trauma. It is most commonly seen in contact sports athletes, military veterans, and others who have experienced multiple head injuries. CTE is characterized by the accumulation of a protein called tau in the brain, which leads to neuronal damage and eventually to dementia. Many people are wondering how this came about?, How can it be identified?, Can it be diagnosed early for proper treatment?, And how can we prevent it? .

Introduction
CTE was first described in boxers in the early 1900s, but it was not until recently that it was recognized as a distinct disease. In the past, CTE was often misdiagnosed as Alzheimer’s disease or other forms of dementia.

Symptoms
The symptoms of CTE can vary depending on the severity and location of the brain damage. Common symptoms include:
• Memory loss
• Difficulty concentrating
• Impulsivity
• Aggression
• Depression
• Suicidal thoughts
• Motor problems (e.g., tremors, balance issues)
• Speech problems

How it can be diagnosed
CTE can only be definitively diagnosed after death, through examination of the brain tissue. However, there are some clinical criteria that can be used to make a presumptive diagnosis during life. These criteria include:
• A history of repetitive head trauma;
• Progressive cognitive and behavioural symptoms
• Evidence of brain damage on neuroimaging (e.g., MRI, PET scan)

How can it be treated?

Treatment
There is currently no cure for CTE. Treatment focuses on managing the symptoms and improving quality of life. This may include:

• Medications for cognitive and behavioral problems
• Physical therapy for motor problems
• Speech therapy for speech problems
• Psychotherapy for depression and other mental health issues
How can it be prevented?
Prevention
The best way to prevent CTE is to avoid repetitive head trauma. This means:
• Wearing protective headgear during contact sports
• Avoiding activities that pose a risk of head injury
• Seeking medical attention for any head injury, no matter how minor

Conclusion

CTE is a serious and debilitating disease that can have a devastating impact on individuals and their families. While there is currently no cure, early diagnosis and treatment can help to manage the symptoms and improve quality of life. Preventing head injuries is the most effective way to reduce the risk of developing CTE.