Introduction

In Cameroon, public policies for economic growth focus on several sectors, including agro-industry, livestock, agriculture, transport, mining, and cultural and creative industries. This is reflected in key policy documents such as the Growth and Employment Strategy Paper (GESP) and the National Development Strategy 2020–2030 (NDS30). Despite the attention given to cultural and creative industries, archaeological heritage remains largely overlooked as a driver of economic development.

Why Archaeological Heritage Receives Little Attention

Archaeology is a multidisciplinary field that seeks to understand how past societies lived through the remains they left behind. It is particularly relevant in Cameroon, where Africa’s history continues to be explored and documented. The limited attention given to archaeology is first explained by its low visibility in society. As a relatively young discipline in Cameroon, archaeology developed notably through the expeditions of Paul and Annie Leboeuf in the northern part of the country, the institutionalization of research through centers such as ORSTOM, and its integration into academia following the 1993 university reforms. Although some people are familiar with archaeology, information about the discipline, its practical applications and career opportunities remains limited. Others, more attracted to sectors considered national priorities, are unaware of the existence of archaeological sites and the opportunities they offer.

Heritage Protected by Law but Vulnerable in Practice

The limited implementation of public policies is another major challenge. Law No. 2013/003 of 18 April 2013 governs Cameroon’s cultural heritage and defines archaeological properties, sites and artefacts. The archaeological service of the ministry responsible for culture is tasked, among other responsibilities, with monitoring the protection, conservation and promotion of archaeological heritage, developing the national archaeological map, and ensuring compliance with legislation governing excavations and research. However, implementation on the ground remains limited. Archaeological sites are threatened by urbanization, the national archaeological map is not effectively accessible, communication remains insufficient, and field activities are limited. Funding is also a major challenge. Research often depends on research grants, major infrastructure projects and international donors. After research is completed, public dissemination remains limited.

Towards Greater Recognition of Archaeological Heritage

Archaeology helps uncover aspects of history that have not always been recorded in written sources. Its economic potential lies particularly in transforming this heritage into tourism opportunities. Cameroon should therefore strengthen archaeological fieldwork, decentralize research, monitoring, site protection and heritage promotion, and develop tourism circuits capable of generating value for local authorities. Funding for research and heritage promotion should also be increased. Finally, archaeological communication should be strengthened through blogs, radio programs, podcasts and specialized museums.

Conclusion

Archaeology in Cameroon is still developing. Despite its limited visibility, it has significant historical and economic potential. Stronger management, effective regulation and appropriate heritage promotion could contribute to tourism development while creating opportunities for archaeologists, archaeometrists, museum mediators and tour guides.

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