Introduction
Epilepsy. A word that too often still evokes fear, mistrust, and a host of misconceptions. For centuries, this neurological condition has been shrouded in ignorance and superstition, leading to devastating stigma for those affected. Today, despite advances in science, these myths persist, confining people with epilepsy within a cage of prejudice. As a pharmacist and passionate advocate for an informed vision of health, there is a belief that knowledge is our most powerful weapon. It is time to break the silence, confront these falsehoods with facts, and restore epilepsy to its true identity—not as a curse or madness, but as a medical condition like any other.
Myth #1: “An epileptic seizure always involves convulsions and frothing at the mouth.”
This is probably the most ingrained image in the collective imagination, perpetuated by cinema. The reality is much more nuanced. The Truth: There are many types of epileptic seizures. Tonic-clonic seizures (with convulsions and loss of consciousness) are the most spectacular and therefore the best known, but they represent only one facet of epilepsy. Other forms are much subtler: Absence seizures (The person simply appears “disconnected” for a few seconds, with a blank stare. Common in children, these seizures are often mistaken for inattention.) and focal seizures (They can manifest as strange sensations in the stomach, a metallic taste in the mouth, sudden feelings of fear or joy, or involuntary movements of a single limb). Pharmacist’s View: Reducing epilepsy to convulsions alone ignores the diversity of its manifestations and risks failing to diagnose more subtle forms.
Myth #2: “You must put something in a person’s mouth during a seizure.”
This reflex, though well-intentioned, is actually extremely dangerous and should never be done. The Truth: Attempting to force the mouth open to insert an object (spoon, finger, cloth) can cause serious injuries: broken teeth, choking if the object fragments, or even bites from the person trying to protect themselves. During a tonic-clonic seizure, the jaw muscles contract extremely strongly. What to Do Instead: Prioritize protecting the person’s head with soft clothing or a cushion. Loosen clothing around the neck. Lay the person on their side (recovery position) to prevent choking on saliva. Stay calm and time the seizure. Call emergency services only if the seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes, repeats without regaining consciousness, or if the person is injured.
Myth #3: “Epilepsy is a mental illness or possession.”
This myth is one of the oldest and most stigmatizing, leading to social exclusion, particularly in our communities. The Truth: Epilepsy is a neurological condition—period. It is caused by abnormal and excessive electrical activity in the brain, much like a “neuronal storm.” It has no connection to mental health issues or spiritual forces. People with epilepsy have the same intellectual and emotional capacities as anyone else. Associating epilepsy with madness or possession insults their intelligence and dignity. Pharmacist’s View: In Africa, and especially in Gabon, it is crucial to combat these beliefs through education. Science must replace superstition so that people with epilepsy are met with compassion rather than fear.
Myth #4: “People with epilepsy cannot have a normal life.”
This prejudice unfairly limits the aspirations and opportunities of those affected. The Truth: Thanks to treatments (medications, surgery, specific diets), about 70% of people with epilepsy achieve full seizure control. Most lead fulfilling personal, social, and professional lives. They study, fall in love, start families, create businesses, and excel in their fields. Artists, elite athletes, and global leaders live with well-controlled epilepsy. Pharmacist’s View: The real barrier is not the condition itself, but the obstacles society erects. Our role is to create an environment that encourages everyone’s potential without discrimination.
Myth #5: “Epilepsy is contagious.”
Though less common, this misconception leads to deeply hurtful social rejection. The Truth: Epilepsy cannot be caught by touching, talking to, or sharing a meal with someone affected. It is not caused by a virus or bacteria. Its origins are diverse: genetic factors, brain injuries, strokes, etc. The fear of “contagion” is a relic of ignorance that has no place in the 21st century. Pharmacist’s View: Social isolation often harms more than the condition itself. Dispelling this myth fosters inclusion and support, which are essential pillars for the well-being of people with epilepsy.
Conclusion
Epilepsy is not the monster it has long been portrayed as. It is a complex medical condition, certainly, but when understood and properly managed, it loses its power to frighten. By debunking these five myths, we do more than exchange information; we participate in a silent revolution, a revolution where others’ perceptions become compassionate, fear gives way to understanding, and stigma dissolves into solidarity. In Gabon and around the world, our mission is to continue this educational work. Talk about it, share these truths. Every prejudice dismantled is a victory. Every person with epilepsy deserves to live in a world that sees them for who they truly are: a person with strengths, dreams, and immense potential.
