Introduction

One of the major contemporary challenges facing African industrialists is the green economy. African industry represents less than 2% of global manufacturing, a figure that highlights its untapped potential. Yet, saving the planet is not about which continent pollutes the most or which country adopts the most virtuous behaviours. It is a responsibility that concerns everyone, and Africa is no exception.

An Emerging Sector

As the second-largest continent in terms of land area and population, Africa seems absent when it comes to industrial development. In a world where industrialization correlates with economic power, African startups are perceived as newborns learning to walk. Only five countries out of fifty-six have made significant progress in this sector. Yet, the continent possesses one-fifth of the Earth’s landmass. African industry still has a promising future. So why this disparity?

Competition: The Shadow Enemy

African startups already face competition from massive imports of subsidized Western products, as well as affordable goods from the informal sector. On top of that, they must comply with strict environmental standards. In a sector where increasing production and achieving profitability are priorities, ecology can be seen more as a brake than a lever. For instance, how can an African agro-food startup be expected, besides competing with Thai rice, to also reduce—or even eliminate—the use of agricultural inputs in its production? Between oppressive and asymmetric competition, the concept of a green economy can quickly be perceived as yet another threat.

Conclusion

It is not the adoption of a green economy that discourages young African industrialists, but rather the cost of this transition, which requires heavy investment. Renewable energy, agroecology, and the circular economy are luxuries that young industries cannot afford. And while Africa is not a major contributor to environmental pollution, it is nonetheless affected. Caught between unfair competition, a failing energy sector, and growing pressure to adopt strict green standards without subsidies, African industrialists have no choice: either close shop or put a “Bio” label on every product.