Introduction 

Every year on March 6, the world celebrates World Lymphedema Day. Although difficult to accurately quantify, the prevalence of lymphedema is estimated at 1 in 6,000 people. This little-known condition affects physical appearance and, consequently, has a significant impact on patients’ self-image. Unfortunately, its treatment remains ineffective, or even virtually non-existent in many healthcare centers in Cameroon. Due to a lack of reliable medical information, many patients turn to alternative medicine, traditional healing, and even occult sciences, as they often associate the disease rightly or wrongly with witchcraft or a curse. What exactly is lymphedema? What causes this condition? And what measures should be implemented to limit its progression?

Causes, Symptoms, and Consequences of Lymphedema 

Before discussing causes and symptoms, it’s important to note that lymphedema is a chronic condition characterized by the swelling of a limb or body part. This swelling occurs when lymph fluid is unable to circulate normally and accumulates in the soft tissues. Diagnosis is generally made through clinical examination. There are two types of lymphedemas: primary and secondary. Primary lymphedema is caused by a defect in the development or function of the lymphatic system during fetal life and manifests at some point in life. It is a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. Secondary lymphedema occurs due to damage or blockage of the lymphatic system, often after lymph node dissection, surgery, radiotherapy, or obstruction by tumor cells or parasitic infections such as filariasis. As for consequences, lymphedema can lead to complications such as infections (e.g., erysipelas), loss of mobility in the affected limb, and an overall decrease in quality of life. From an aesthetic point of view, lymphedema is not only physically disabling but also presents significant challenges in clothing and self-esteem.

Management and Treatment 

There is currently no cure for lymphedema. Proper management involves various specialists, including physiotherapists and angiologists. The goal is to alleviate symptoms (swelling, pain), prevent complications, and preserve the patient’s autonomy. Treatment is individualized and aims to reduce the swelling and slow disease progression. Management typically involves two phases: reduction and maintenance. Manual lymphatic drainage, using gentle pressure and circular motions, helps lymph fluid flow back toward the heart. Compression therapy, such as multilayer bandaging, is used in both the initial reduction and stabilization phases. Custom compression garments, physical activity, and self-bandaging are also key components of care, helping reduce the swelling caused by lymph fluid buildup.

Conclusion 

As a rare disease, lymphedema treatment in Cameroon is almost non-existent, largely due to a lack of awareness and the limited scientific knowledge available regarding effective therapies. Many patients see their condition as a curse or the result of supernatural causes. It is time for greater public awareness about this progressive disease and for the medical community to be better trained and equipped. Improved treatment protocols would ensure that more lymphedema patients receive the support they need. From a psychological perspective, especially for younger patients, emotional support is vital. This helps them accept their condition and identify practical ways to live with the disease while overcoming social stigma and the judgment of others.