Introduction 

The Maba, a people living in eastern Chad, more specifically in the province of Ouaddaï, possess a rich cultural heritage that has been passed down from generation to generation by word and deed. For centuries, their know-how in agriculture, traditional medicine and crafts has enabled them to adapt to the often-demanding conditions of their environment. Today, however, this knowledge is in danger of disappearing as a result of a number of upheavals: increasing urbanisation, external cultural influence and economic change. 

Ancestral Knowledge at the Heart of Maba Identity 

In Maba society, learning does not take place in written form, but through observation and family transmission. From childhood, young people are imbued with the know-how of their elders, particularly in agriculture, where ancestral techniques of irrigation and seed conservation have proved their effectiveness in the face of climatic constraints. Traditional medicine, meanwhile, is based on a detailed knowledge of local plants, which are used to treat a variety of ailments. Handicrafts, such as pottery, weaving and basketry (tabaque in local languages), are not just economic activities: they represent a deep-rooted cultural heritage.

Transmission Undermined by Changes in Society

Despite their importance, these traditions are under increasing threat. The rural exodus is forcing many young people to move to the cities, distancing them from traditional practices. In addition, formal education, while beneficial, often sidelines local knowledge, reinforcing this disconnect. The influence of the media and social networks also contributes to this phenomenon, with new generations abandoning certain practices deemed archaic. Finally, climate change is disrupting traditional farming techniques and reducing the availability of certain medicinal plants.

Promoting and Preserving the Maba Cultural Heritage 

There are a number of actions that can be taken to preserve this precious knowledge. It would be essential to document this knowledge through recordings and writings, in order to safeguard it for the future. Integrating traditional knowledge into the education system could play a key role in passing it on to younger generations. Combining the knowledge of the ancients with modern teaching methods would promote a greater awareness of their value. In addition, joint work between local experts and researchers would enable these practices to be adapted to contemporary realities, thereby ensuring their survival in a rapidly changing world. Finally, highlighting Maba culture through festivals, exhibitions and other cultural events would help to rekindle the interest of young people and strengthen their attachment to their heritage.

Conclusion 

Preserving the traditional knowledge of the Maba is a matter of urgency in the face of the changes threatening their disappearance. By striking a balance between transmission, adaptation and enhancement, this community will not only be able to preserve its identity but also contribute to the cultural wealth of Chad.

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