Introduction
The governance of many African countries has proven to be deficient, with the lowest GDPs in the world, the highest poverty rates, low life expectancy, and an increase in diseases. The implementation of government regulation mechanisms for the implementation of economic and social plans in an integrated manner is urgent.
The Partisanship of the State: A Chronicle of African Countries
African political parties emerged with the aim of fighting for the liberation of countries from colonization. The first African political party was the True Wigh Party, which emerged in Liberia in 1860. A political party is defined as an organized group, legally formed, based on voluntary forms of participation in an association aimed at occupying political power. With the independence of African countries, political parties took power, most of them without elections, becoming holders of executive, legislative, and judicial power, transforming public government into the property of the political party. On the other hand, the de-partisanship of the state is the removal of party influence or control of state institutions.
The Emergence of Opposition Parties: The Dilemma of Peace Agreements in Africa
The partisanship of African states brought with it problems, from the weak drafting of laws to the non-implementation of the same laws, the rampant criminality of politicians within the ruling party, the uneven division of the countries’ resources, increasing discontent within the populations, giving rise to oppositions, as was the case of the Renamo party (1977) in Mozambique and Unita (1966) in Angola, which took on military contours and it is estimated that around 1,000,000 people died in Mozambique and 5,00,000 people in Angola, causing more than 8,000,000 internally displaced people in both countries. During the wars, the governing parties decided to sign agreements with the parties that were fighting to improve the quality of life of the populations, and as a result, multipartyism emerged with the holding of elections, where the people had to choose who to vote for.
De-partisanship as a Mechanism for Government Transparency
Multi-party programs brought with them several problems: laws, monetary values, etc. The drafting of laws for electoral systems in African countries was and is transitory, hence the legislative composition was or is mostly made up of the parties in power, and they provide the values for the executive and the judiciary, making peace agreements ineffective, urging the separation of powers between the parties and the governments for the effectiveness of elections and governance.
Conclusion
There is currently a need for a paradigm shift, which starts with the creation of an Independent Electoral Commission, the publication of accounts, companies, and properties of state leaders, and the separation of powers from the president, i.e. the presidents of governments should not be presidents of any political party, the limitation of the president’s powers, to elect, for example, the presidents of constitutional councils, supreme courts or rectors of public universities.
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