Introduction
Recent political, security, and socio-economic crises in the Sahel region have highlighted the need for a collective, structured, and endogenous response. With this in mind, countries such as Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger decided on September 16, 2023 to create the Alliance of Sahel States (AES), which became a confederation at its first summit in July 2024. What are the opportunities and challenges of such an alliance for the region?
An Opportunity in the Fight against Terrorism
The creation of the AES is designed to strengthen cooperation between the countries of the Sahel. It embodies a shared determination to overcome common challenges by common means. In this sense, it unites efforts in the fight against terrorism and cross-border crime. This unity is essential to compensate for the individual weaknesses of each state, promoting synergy of military, economic, and human resources. For example, unlike the G5 Sahel, which relied heavily on external funding, the Sahel countries want to develop an endogenous capacity in the quest for regional security. This control also fosters a sense of sovereignty and national dignity. In addition to the security aspect, the AES facilitates economic cooperation. Sahelian states share similar economic challenges, notably in rural development, natural resource management, and the fight against poverty. By creating an alliance, these countries can establish coordinated economic policies, promote sub-regional trade, and attract international investment as a united economic bloc. The AES could thus become an engine for sustainable development in the region.
Issues and Challenges
However, the creation of the AES is not without its challenges. One of the major challenges lies in the political and cultural diversity of the member states. Each Sahelian country has its own internal dynamics, and harmonizing the different political visions, especially in a context of instability, will be a long-term task. It is crucial that the AES leaders demonstrate diplomacy and a genuine willingness to compromise to overcome these differences. Moreover, the AES will have to cope with external pressures. The Sahel region has long been at the heart of international geostrategic interests. The formation of the AES could be perceived by certain foreign players as a challenge to their influence in the region. Member states will therefore need to navigate carefully to avoid unnecessary friction, while asserting their autonomy.
Conclusion
The Alliance of Sahel States represents a bold and promising initiative for a region in search of stability and development. By joining forces, the three-member states will be able to respond more effectively to the common threats of terrorism, as well as build a shared future. However, its survival will depend on the ability of those responsible to face up to potential challenges.
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