Introduction

Microbes are very tiny organisms that can be seen only with a microscope.  Microorganisms which cause infectious diseases are called pathogens. For time immemorial, these diseases have been a threat to human life; but the discovery of Antimicrobials has helped to fight against infectious diseases.  Although infectious diseases are still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in communities where there is limited access to quality healthcare;  the situation is coming under better control. Some examples of infectious diseases are; meningitis,  bronchitis,  syphilis, malaria, and gonorrhea. 

The discovery of Antimicrobials was revolutionary to healthcare and greatly contributed to development and the wealth of nations.

Causes of Antimicrobial Resistance

Antimicrobial agents are now used worldwide to destroy pathogens by inhibiting their growth, preventing, and/or counteracting their pathogenic action. Unfortunately, the misuse and overuse of these precious medicines have led to a rise in antimicrobial resistance. An antimicrobial is said to be resistant when the pathogens no longer respond to antimicrobial medicine. According to WHO reports, Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top global public health and development threats. 

Antimicrobial Resistance risks undoing the gains of modern medicine. Even life saving procedures like surgeries, Cesarean sessions and chemotherapy could become challenging. This article informs the community on small but profound ways an individual can militate against antimicrobial resistance on a local level. 

Ways to Militate Against Antimicrobial Resistance on a Local Level

• Prevent the Spread of Infection.

Prevention of infection has a great impact in fighting antimicrobial resistance. This is because antimicrobial resistant infections spread in the same way as the non-antimicrobial resistant pathogens. Infectious diseases can be prevented through regular hand washing, covering coughs, keeping  your environment and your house clean, practicing general body hygiene,  avoiding unprotected sex, avoiding direct contact with handkerchiefs or tissues and by vaccination. By preventing infections, we decrease the likelihood of an overuse or misuse of antimicrobials.

• Stop Buying Antimicrobials ‘Over the Counter’. 

Antimicrobials are specific molecules that act differently depending on the type of infection, the duration of infection, the degree of infection and even the area of infection.  Therefore, using antimicrobials without prescription and by speculation is a frequent cause of overuse or misuse. 

For example, using antibiotics to treat viral infections or using an antimicrobial sensitive only to gram positive bacteria to treat infections caused by gram negative bacteria can result in resistant antimicrobial pathogens. This often occurs as a consequence of the use of an antimicrobial without proper diagnosis. 

• Visit the Doctor Promptly if an Infection is Suspected. 

All infections caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses or other microbes must be treated promptly in order to avoid complications. As bacteria thrive in a body, they devise diverse ways to survive pressure from antibodies. Prolonged infections can lead to the development of resistant microbial strains  that can be more difficult to treat. 

As the saying goes, ‘A stitch in time saves ten’! The efficacy of antimicrobials can be protected by prompt treatment of infections which avoids dangerous strains and regulates against overuse. 

• Comply Strictly with Doctors’ Prescriptions.

When antimicrobial treatment is not followed strictly as prescribed by the doctor, an environment suitable for resistant strains is created. If a doctors’ advice is followed to the letter, misuse is very unlikely. 

• Use Antimicrobials in Animals Feed

According to research, the use of antimicrobials in animal feed is one of the major causes of antimicrobial resistance in both animals and Humans.  The World Health Organisation has called for stricter measures to be implemented in the use of antimicrobials in animals.  

At the community level, efforts can be made by preventing infections in animals through improved sanitation and the vaccination of animals. 

• Support Education and Research on Antimicrobials.

Supporting research and education in communities about antimicrobial resistance is one of the main strategies to combat it. This prevents misuse and spreads understanding of how to take measures to avoid the root causes of resistance. 

• Inform Someone you Know about Antimicrobial Resistance!

Despite its prominence as a health challenge, knowledge about antimicrobial resistance is still piecemeal. By sharing this article with communities and on social media, you can spread the knowledge and understanding which are vital to combating the problem. 

Conclusion

Antimicrobial resistance is a community challenge and can be conquered only through community efforts. Let us all unite and preserve these precious molecules for the sake of good health and a thriving community.